North Korea (DPRK)
Overview
DPRK is treated as an external-authoritative-evidence exception. FATF continues to identify significant strategic AML/CFT deficiencies and requires countermeasures; the public research pass did not identify a reliable, independently verifiable national primary AML/CFT legal corpus sufficient to describe an adequate domestic framework.
No claim is made that an independently verifiable beneficial-ownership transparency regime meeting international standards is publicly evidenced. FATF specifically highlights use of front companies, shell companies, joint ventures and opaque ownership structures in the DPRK risk context.
A functioning national STR/FIU reporting chain is not asserted without reliable national evidence. For cross-border risk treatment, FATF countermeasures and UN financial restrictions are the authoritative evidence layer.
Compliance Calendar2
Requirement
UNSC 1718 targeted financial sanctions / asset freeze
Authority / Report toCompetent national sanctions authority / FIU according to domestic implementation
Deadline / triggerFreeze and restrict as required by the Member State’s implementing law; operationally without allowing prohibited dealing. Any authority-reporting clock is jurisdiction-specific.
Requirement
- Subject scope
- Institutions subject to a UN Member State’s domestic implementation of the DPRK sanctions regime.
- Trigger
- A person, entity, asset or economic resource falls within the applicable DPRK designation/ownership-control restrictions.
- Filing channel
- Screen, freeze/block and report using the domestic sanctions process implementing UNSC 1718 measures.
Impact
- Consequences of non-compliance
- Breaches can produce severe civil/criminal sanctions under domestic implementing law.
- Enforcement authority
- National sanctions authority / law enforcement.
- Operational impact
- Sanctions screening must identify designations and ownership/control before funds or economic resources are made available.
Requirement
DPRK FATF countermeasures / enhanced risk controls
Authority / Report toInternal compliance and the competent home-state supervisor/FIU as applicable
Deadline / triggerBefore establishing/continuing exposure and throughout the relationship; exact legal measures and deadlines follow the home jurisdiction’s implementation.
Requirement
- Subject scope
- Financial institutions and other obliged entities where their home jurisdiction implements the FATF call for countermeasures or heightened DPRK controls.
- Trigger
- Customer, beneficial owner, transaction, correspondent, geography or other exposure involving the DPRK or persons acting on its behalf.
- Filing channel
- Apply the home-state countermeasure/EDD framework, document decisions and make regulatory filings where domestic law requires.
Impact
- Consequences of non-compliance
- Failure to implement domestic DPRK countermeasures can expose the institution to supervisory, sanctions and financial-crime enforcement.
- Enforcement authority
- Home-state AML/CFT and sanctions authorities.
- Operational impact
- Risk engines should treat DPRK exposure as a distinct countermeasure workflow, not merely a generic high-risk-country score.
Authorities & FIU1
FATF Assessment
Measures how fully the jurisdiction has implemented FATF’s technical requirements. It does not measure practical effectiveness.
Measures whether the AML/CFT system achieves its intended results in practice. No jurisdiction-specific effectiveness ratings are asserted where the consolidated dataset has no standalone assessment row.
Regulatory Timeline31
FATF revised Recommendation 16 to standardise payment information and strengthen fraud/error controls in cross-border payments.
No current direct FATF or regional assessment relationship is recorded in this profile. The GLOBAL milestone is shown only as international context.
FATF Global Network ↗FATF amended Recommendation 1 and related interpretive material to strengthen proportionality and simplified measures under the risk-based approach.
No current direct FATF or regional assessment relationship is recorded in this profile. The GLOBAL milestone is shown only as international context.
FATF Global Network ↗FATF revised Recommendations 4, 30, 31 and 38 and related interpretive material to make asset recovery a stronger operational priority, expand tools to trace and confiscate criminal property and improve domestic and international cooperation.
No current direct FATF or regional assessment relationship is recorded in this profile. The GLOBAL milestone is shown only as international context.
FATF Global Network ↗At its February 2023 Plenary FATF revised Recommendation 25 and its Interpretive Note to strengthen transparency and beneficial-ownership requirements for trusts and similar legal arrangements, complementing the 2022 strengthening of Recommendation 24 for legal persons.
No current direct FATF or regional assessment relationship is recorded in this profile. The GLOBAL milestone is shown only as international context.
FATF Global Network ↗FATF strengthened Recommendation 24 on beneficial ownership transparency for legal persons.
No current direct FATF or regional assessment relationship is recorded in this profile. The GLOBAL milestone is shown only as international context.
FATF Global Network ↗FATF amended Recommendations 1 and 2 and their Interpretive Notes so countries and covered private-sector entities must identify, assess and mitigate risks of breaches, non-implementation or evasion of proliferation-related targeted financial sanctions.
No current direct FATF or regional assessment relationship is recorded in this profile. The GLOBAL milestone is shown only as international context.
FATF Global Network ↗The Basel Committee revised its ML/TF risk-management guidelines to add principles for information exchange and cooperation between prudential and AML/CFT supervisors in authorisation, ongoing supervision and enforcement.
A Basel supervisory publication does not become domestic law merely because it is GLOBAL. National adoption, supervisory use or incorporation must be evidenced by a LOCAL milestone or source.
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision ↗FATF adopted detailed implementation requirements for virtual assets and VASPs in June 2019, including the application of wire-transfer information requirements commonly described as the Travel Rule. This operationalised the virtual-asset perimeter introduced through the 2018 Recommendation 15 revision.
No current direct FATF or regional assessment relationship is recorded in this profile. The GLOBAL milestone is shown only as international context.
FATF Global Network ↗In October 2018 FATF revised Recommendation 15 and added the definitions of virtual asset and virtual asset service provider, formally bringing virtual-asset activity into the global AML/CFT standards architecture. Detailed implementation requirements followed in 2019.
No current direct FATF or regional assessment relationship is recorded in this profile. The GLOBAL milestone is shown only as international context.
FATF Global Network ↗The Basel Committee issued Sound management of risks related to money laundering and financing of terrorism, superseding its 2001 CDD and 2004 consolidated KYC papers and integrating ML/TF risk management with prudential supervisory expectations.
A Basel supervisory publication does not become domestic law merely because it is GLOBAL. National adoption, supervisory use or incorporation must be evidenced by a LOCAL milestone or source.
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision ↗FATF adopted a consolidated revised set of 40 Recommendations integrating AML, CFT and proliferation-financing safeguards.
No current direct FATF or regional assessment relationship is recorded in this profile. The GLOBAL milestone is shown only as international context.
FATF Global Network ↗FATF called on members and other jurisdictions to apply effective counter-measures to ML/FT risks emanating from DPRK.
Resolution 1737 imposed binding measures concerning Iran’s proliferation-sensitive nuclear activities, including an asset freeze on designated individuals and entities. Together with the DPRK regime, it forms a foundational UN counter-proliferation targeted-financial-sanctions architecture.
UN Members agree to accept and carry out Security Council decisions. This current Charter relationship is not proof of the jurisdiction’s domestic implementation, nor a claim about its membership status on the historical event date.
UN Charter · Article 25 ↗Following the DPRK nuclear test, Resolution 1718 imposed binding sanctions including an asset freeze on designated persons and entities connected to the nuclear programme. It became a central UN targeted-financial-sanctions pillar for counter-proliferation financing.
UN Members agree to accept and carry out Security Council decisions. This current Charter relationship is not proof of the jurisdiction’s domestic implementation, nor a claim about its membership status on the historical event date.
UN Charter · Article 25 ↗Resolution 1718 established the DPRK sanctions framework, subsequently expanded to include extensive financial and asset-freeze measures.
FATF added a ninth Special Recommendation addressing cash couriers and cross-border movement of currency.
No current direct FATF or regional assessment relationship is recorded in this profile. The GLOBAL milestone is shown only as international context.
FATF Global Network ↗Resolution 1540 requires all States to adopt and enforce laws and domestic controls to prevent non-State actors from acquiring or using weapons of mass destruction and related materials. It forms a binding global legal pillar of the proliferation-financing control environment later reflected in FATF CPF standards.
UN Members agree to accept and carry out Security Council decisions. This current Charter relationship is not proof of the jurisdiction’s domestic implementation, nor a claim about its membership status on the historical event date.
UN Charter · Article 25 ↗The UN General Assembly adopted the United Nations Convention against Corruption on 31 October 2003. UNCAC addresses prevention of money laundering, laundering of corruption proceeds, confiscation and a dedicated asset-recovery framework; the Convention entered into force globally on 14 December 2005.
Current UN depositary status for 2003 UN Convention against Corruption. The GLOBAL card remains visible as international context; no domestic treaty obligation is inferred from it.
UN Treaty Collection ↗FATF comprehensively revised its AML/CFT Recommendations, strengthening preventive measures and extending coverage.
No current direct FATF or regional assessment relationship is recorded in this profile. The GLOBAL milestone is shown only as international context.
FATF Global Network ↗The Basel Committee issued Customer due diligence for banks, setting minimum supervisory expectations for customer acceptance, identification, ongoing monitoring and risk management. It became an influential global banking KYC/CDD benchmark and was later reflected in FATF standards.
A Basel supervisory publication does not become domestic law merely because it is GLOBAL. National adoption, supervisory use or incorporation must be evidenced by a LOCAL milestone or source.
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision ↗FATF expanded its standards to terrorist financing through eight Special Recommendations.
No current direct FATF or regional assessment relationship is recorded in this profile. The GLOBAL milestone is shown only as international context.
FATF Global Network ↗Resolution 1373 requires all States to prevent and suppress terrorist financing, criminalise the provision or collection of funds for terrorist acts, freeze terrorist assets without delay and prohibit making funds or financial services available to terrorists and related entities.
UN Members agree to accept and carry out Security Council decisions. This current Charter relationship is not proof of the jurisdiction’s domestic implementation, nor a claim about its membership status on the historical event date.
UN Charter · Article 25 ↗The Palermo Convention was adopted on 15 November 2000 and broadened the international money-laundering framework beyond drug proceeds through criminalisation and preventive measures tied to transnational organised crime. It entered into force globally on 29 September 2003.
Current UN depositary relationship to 2000 Palermo Convention. This is not a claim that the jurisdiction was already a Party on the GLOBAL event date; the national accession/ratification date is a separate LOCAL/STATUS fact.
UN Treaty Collection ↗The UN General Assembly adopted the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism on 9 December 1999, creating the treaty framework for criminalising terrorist financing and international cooperation. It entered into force globally on 10 April 2002.
Current UN depositary relationship to 1999 Terrorist Financing Convention. This is not a claim that the jurisdiction was already a Party on the GLOBAL event date; the national accession/ratification date is a separate LOCAL/STATUS fact.
UN Treaty Collection ↗Resolution 1267 imposed an assets freeze and other targeted sanctions in the Taliban context and created the Security Council committee that became the foundation of the UN 1267 sanctions architecture. It is a key global precursor to modern terrorist-financing targeted financial sanctions.
UN Members agree to accept and carry out Security Council decisions. This current Charter relationship is not proof of the jurisdiction’s domestic implementation, nor a claim about its membership status on the historical event date.
UN Charter · Article 25 ↗FATF revised the Forty Recommendations to reflect evolving money-laundering methods and countermeasures.
No current direct FATF or regional assessment relationship is recorded in this profile. The GLOBAL milestone is shown only as international context.
FATF Global Network ↗Representatives of 13 financial intelligence units met in Brussels on 9 June 1995 and founded what became the Egmont Group. The milestone created the operational global network for FIU-to-FIU cooperation and exchange of financial intelligence.
No Egmont member FIU is recorded in the current profile. The 1995 GLOBAL milestone is therefore context, not a membership claim.
Egmont Group · Member FIUs ↗FATF issued its original Forty Recommendations, establishing the first global AML standard framework.
No current direct FATF or regional assessment relationship is recorded in this profile. The GLOBAL milestone is shown only as international context.
FATF Global Network ↗The G7 established FATF in 1989 to examine and develop measures to combat money laundering. FATF became the central global standard-setting body whose recommendations are implemented through national and regional AML/CFT frameworks.
No current direct FATF or regional assessment relationship is recorded in this profile. The GLOBAL milestone is shown only as international context.
FATF Global Network ↗The Vienna Convention was adopted on 20 December 1988 and created the first treaty-level international obligation to criminalise laundering conduct linked to drug-trafficking proceeds, alongside confiscation and international-cooperation measures. It entered into force globally on 11 November 1990.
Current UN depositary relationship to 1988 Vienna Convention. This is not a claim that the jurisdiction was already a Party on the GLOBAL event date; the national accession/ratification date is a separate LOCAL/STATUS fact.
UN Treaty Collection ↗The Basel Committee published a Statement of Principles for banks aimed at reducing the risk that banking institutions would be used by criminals or as channels for money laundering. This helped establish the preventive and supervisory side of AML alongside the emerging criminal-law framework.
A Basel supervisory publication does not become domestic law merely because it is GLOBAL. National adoption, supervisory use or incorporation must be evidenced by a LOCAL milestone or source.
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision ↗