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ASIA · EASTERN ASIA

Hong Kong

FATF public-list status No FATF public-list status
Assessment network
Profile Changed 2026-10-13
Profile sections

Overview

Regulatory TimelineTrack FATF / FSRB and FIU-network participation alongside FATF public-list status and national regulatory activity over time.
FATFGlobal standard setter
Member · since 1991
APGRegional / assessment body
Member · since 27.02.1997
Egmont GroupFIU network
FIU member · since 1997
FATF public-list status & assessments
Not publicly listed · 2 assessment milestones
Local regulatory activity
19 local changes
19892000201020202026
Regulatory history timeline
Bars show verified participation periods. Diamonds mark MER / FUR assessment milestones. FATF public-list bands show status history. Local markers show regulatory changes, with marker size reflecting change density.
Jurisdiction framework
AML FrameworkNational / regional framework

Hong Kong’s preventive AML/CFT framework is anchored in the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Ordinance (Cap. 615), sector statutory guidelines and related legislation. The regime now covers virtual asset trading platforms and dealers in precious metals/stones, with a separate stablecoin issuer framework from 2025.

FATF Recommendations remain the international baseline; the cited national or regional framework controls the legal obligation.
CDD & Beneficial OwnershipCustomer / entity controls

AMLO requires customer and beneficial-owner identification for covered institutions. Company-law significant-controller requirements provide an additional corporate-transparency layer.

Ownership, control, verification, PEP/EDD and registry rules are jurisdiction-specific. A 25% beneficial-ownership threshold is not a universal AML rule.
Monitoring & ReportingOngoing controls and FIU reporting

Suspicious transaction reports are made to JFIU. Sector regulators publish detailed guidance on CDD, monitoring, sanctions screening, recordkeeping and reporting.

Monitoring, screening, periodic review, escalation and suspicious reporting should be read against the applicable supervisor and primary rule.

Compliance Calendar2

Event-driven obligations
1
Requirement Suspicious Transaction Report (STR)
Authority / Report toJoint Financial Intelligence Unit (JFIU)
Deadline / triggerAs soon as it is reasonable to do so.

Requirement

Subject scope
Any person with the statutory knowledge or suspicion trigger under DTROP/OSCO/UNATMO; regulated institutions also follow sector AML/CFT controls.
Trigger
Knowledge or suspicion that property represents proceeds, was used in connection with serious crime, or is terrorist property under the applicable ordinance.
Filing channel
JFIU electronic reporting arrangements; current JFIU instructions apply to regulated entities, with email proforma available for other reporters.

Impact

Consequences of non-compliance
JFIU states that failure to make a required STR can be prosecuted and carries a maximum penalty of three months’ imprisonment.
Enforcement authority
Hong Kong Police Force / Customs & Excise through JFIU; sector supervisors may act separately.
Operational impact
MLRO procedures should minimise internal delay and use the current JFIU reporting instructions for the reporter type.
Ongoing obligations
1
Requirement
Banking / Credit Institutions
Authorized institution AML/CFT controls
Authority / Report toHong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA)
Deadline / triggerOngoing; risk-based CDD, monitoring, reporting and governance controls do not have one universal annual filing date.

Requirement

Sector scope
Banking / Credit Institutions
Subject scope
HKMA-authorized institutions.
Trigger
Continuous while conducting authorized banking business.
Filing channel
Internal framework and records; regulatory submissions where specifically required.

Impact

Consequences of non-compliance
AMLO/control failures may lead to HKMA disciplinary and supervisory action; sanction depends on the breached provision.
Enforcement authority
HKMA
Operational impact
Maintain documented customer-risk assessment, transaction monitoring, STR escalation, governance and assurance under the current HKMA framework.

Authorities & FIU7

Authority / issuing bodyHong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA)
Authority / issuing bodySecurities and Futures Commission (SFC)
Jurisdiction updatesRegulatory updates

FATF Assessment

FATF Compliance & Effectiveness
Technical Compliance40 FATF Recommendations
Ratings updated 2023-02 · via FUR

Measures how fully the jurisdiction has implemented FATF’s technical requirements. It does not measure practical effectiveness.

C11Compliant

Requirements met.

LC25Largely compliant

Only minor shortcomings.

PC4Partially compliant

Moderate shortcomings.

NC0Non-compliant

Major shortcomings.

NA0Not applicable

The requirement does not apply because of structural, legal or institutional features of the jurisdiction.

Effectiveness11 Immediate Outcomes
Ratings from MER 2019-09

Measures whether the AML/CFT system achieves its intended results in practice. Follow-up reports do not normally replace these ratings.

HE0High effectiveness

The outcome is achieved to a very large extent; only minor improvements are needed.

SE6Substantial effectiveness

The outcome is achieved to a large extent; moderate improvements are needed.

ME5Moderate effectiveness

The outcome is achieved to some extent; major improvements are needed.

LE0Low effectiveness

The outcome is not achieved, or only to a negligible extent; fundamental improvements are needed.

Explore 40 FATF RecommendationsSee every Technical Compliance rating and what it means.
C · CompliantRequirements met.
LC · Largely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
PC · Partially compliantModerate shortcomings.
NC · Non-compliantMajor shortcomings.
N/A · Not applicableThe requirement does not apply because of structural, legal or institutional features of the jurisdiction.
AML/CFT Policies and Coordination
R.1
Assessing Risks and Applying a Risk-Based Approach
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.2
National cooperation and coordination
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
Money Laundering and Confiscation
R.3
Money laundering offence
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.4
Confiscation and provisional measures
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
Terrorist Financing and Financing of Proliferation
R.5
Terrorist financing offence
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.6
Targeted financial sanctions related to terrorism & terrorist financing
CCompliantRequirements met.
R.7
Targeted financial sanctions related to proliferation
CCompliantRequirements met.
R.8
Non-profit organisations
CCompliantRequirements met.
Preventive Measures
R.9
Financial institution secrecy laws
CCompliantRequirements met.
R.10
Customer due diligence
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.11
Record keeping
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.12
Politically exposed persons
PCPartially compliantModerate shortcomings.
R.13
Correspondent banking
CCompliantRequirements met.
R.14
Money or value transfer services
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.15
New technologies
PCPartially compliantModerate shortcomings.
R.16
Wire transfers
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.17
Reliance on third parties
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.18
Internal controls and foreign branches and subsidiaries
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.19
Higher-risk countries
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.20
Reporting of suspicious transactions
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.21
Tipping-off and confidentiality
CCompliantRequirements met.
R.22
DNFBPs: Customer due diligence
PCPartially compliantModerate shortcomings.
R.23
DNFBPs: Other measures
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
Transparency and Beneficial Ownership of Legal Persons and Arrangements
R.24
Transparency and beneficial ownership of legal persons
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.25
Transparency and beneficial ownership of legal arrangements
PCPartially compliantModerate shortcomings.
Powers and Responsibilities of Competent Authorities and Other Institutional Measures
R.26
Regulation and supervision of financial institutions
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.27
Powers of supervisors
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.28
Regulation and supervision of DNFBPs
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.29
Financial intelligence units
CCompliantRequirements met.
R.30
Responsibilities of law enforcement and investigative authorities
CCompliantRequirements met.
R.31
Powers of law enforcement and investigative authorities
CCompliantRequirements met.
R.32
Cash couriers
CCompliantRequirements met.
R.33
Statistics
CCompliantRequirements met.
R.34
Guidance and feedback
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.35
Sanctions
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
International Cooperation
R.36
International instruments
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.37
Mutual legal assistance
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.38
Mutual legal assistance: freezing and confiscation
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.39
Extradition
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
R.40
Other forms of international cooperation
LCLargely compliantOnly minor shortcomings.
Explore 11 Immediate OutcomesSee how FATF rates whether the AML/CFT system works in practice.
HE · High effectivenessThe outcome is achieved to a very large extent; only minor improvements are needed.
SE · Substantial effectivenessThe outcome is achieved to a large extent; moderate improvements are needed.
ME · Moderate effectivenessThe outcome is achieved to some extent; major improvements are needed.
LE · Low effectivenessThe outcome is not achieved, or only to a negligible extent; fundamental improvements are needed.
IO1
Risk understanding & national coordination

Money laundering and terrorist financing risks are understood and, where appropriate, actions co-ordinated domestically to combat money laundering and the financing of terrorism and proliferation.

SESubstantial effectivenessThe outcome is achieved to a large extent; moderate improvements are needed.
IO2
International cooperation

International co-operation delivers appropriate information, financial intelligence, and evidence, and facilitates action against criminals and their assets.

SESubstantial effectivenessThe outcome is achieved to a large extent; moderate improvements are needed.
IO3
AML/CFT supervision

Supervisors appropriately supervise, monitor and regulate financial institutions, DNFBPs and VASPs for compliance with AML/CFT requirements commensurate with their risks.

MEModerate effectivenessThe outcome is achieved to some extent; major improvements are needed.
IO4
Preventive measures & suspicious reporting

Financial institutions, DNFBPs and VASPs adequately apply AML/CFT preventive measures commensurate with their risks, and report suspicious transactions.

MEModerate effectivenessThe outcome is achieved to some extent; major improvements are needed.
IO5
Beneficial ownership transparency

Legal persons and arrangements are prevented from misuse for money laundering or terrorist financing, and information on their beneficial ownership is available to competent authorities without impediments.

MEModerate effectivenessThe outcome is achieved to some extent; major improvements are needed.
IO6
Use of financial intelligence

Financial intelligence and all other relevant information are appropriately used by competent authorities for money laundering and terrorist financing investigations.

SESubstantial effectivenessThe outcome is achieved to a large extent; moderate improvements are needed.
IO7
Money laundering investigation & prosecution

Money laundering offences and activities are investigated and offenders are prosecuted and subject to effective, proportionate and dissuasive sanctions.

MEModerate effectivenessThe outcome is achieved to some extent; major improvements are needed.
IO8
Confiscation & asset recovery

Proceeds and instrumentalities of crime are confiscated.

SESubstantial effectivenessThe outcome is achieved to a large extent; moderate improvements are needed.
IO9
Terrorist financing investigation & prosecution

Terrorist financing offences and activities are investigated and persons who finance terrorism are prosecuted and subject to effective, proportionate and dissuasive sanctions.

SESubstantial effectivenessThe outcome is achieved to a large extent; moderate improvements are needed.
IO10
Terrorist financing prevention & NPO protection

Terrorists, terrorist organisations and terrorist financiers are prevented from raising, moving and using funds, and from abusing the NPO sector.

SESubstantial effectivenessThe outcome is achieved to a large extent; moderate improvements are needed.
IO11
Proliferation financing financial sanctions

Persons and entities involved in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction are prevented from raising, moving and using funds, consistent with the relevant UNSCRs.

MEModerate effectivenessThe outcome is achieved to some extent; major improvements are needed.
Official FATF consolidated ratings · 2013 Methodology

Regulatory Timeline48

LOCAL changes 19
GLOBAL milestones 29
National history from1989
20261 event
28.08.2026
LOCALGuidanceBanking / Credit Institutions
HKMA updates risk-based AML/CFT guidance and Smart Tips version 2.0 for politically exposed persons

On 28 August 2026 HKMA issued updated risk-based AML/CFT guidance on politically exposed persons to all authorized institutions, together with version 2.0 of its Smart Tips on the Treatment of Politically Exposed Persons. HKMA’s regulatory document repository links the 2026 circular and enclosure to the 21 November 2025 guidance. The official landing pages confirm the updated materials, without proving a new statutory enactment or a distinct legally effective date.

Effective not specifiedOpen update ↗
20254 events
01.08.2025
LOCALNew ruleHong Kong e-LegislationCrypto / VASP / CASPPayments / EMI / Money Transfer
Stablecoins Ordinance enters into force in Hong Kong

Hong Kong’s statutory stablecoin issuer licensing and supervisory framework becomes effective, with AML/CFT controls integrated into the regime.

Effective 01.08.2025Open update ↗
18.06.2025
GLOBALGlobal standardPayment transparencyFATFBanking / Credit InstitutionsPayments / EMI / Money Transfer
FATF updates Standards on Recommendation 16 on Payment Transparency

FATF revised Recommendation 16 to standardise payment information and strengthen fraud/error controls in cross-border payments.

CURRENT FATF RELATIONSHIPDirect FATF member · also APG

Current relationship. Direct FATF membership and any listed regional assessment network participation are current profile relationships only. The GLOBAL milestone does not prove membership or domestic implementation on the event date; those remain LOCAL/STATUS evidence.

FATF Global Network ↗
Published 18.06.2025 · Future-effective global standard · Country implementation is separateOpen update ↗
25.02.2025
GLOBALGlobal standardRisk-based approach / financial inclusionFATF
FATF updates Standards and consults on guidance to better promote financial inclusion

FATF amended Recommendation 1 and related interpretive material to strengthen proportionality and simplified measures under the risk-based approach.

CURRENT FATF RELATIONSHIPDirect FATF member · also APG

Current relationship. Direct FATF membership and any listed regional assessment network participation are current profile relationships only. The GLOBAL milestone does not prove membership or domestic implementation on the event date; those remain LOCAL/STATUS evidence.

FATF Global Network ↗
Global standard · 25.02.2025 · Country implementation/status is separateOpen update ↗
20241 event
01.06.2024
LOCALNew ruleSecurities and Futures Commission (SFC)Crypto / VASP / CASP
Transitional period for pre-existing Hong Kong VATPs ends

The transition to the statutory licensing framework concluded in 2024, leaving licensing/closure consequences for platforms without the required status.

Effective 01.06.2024Open update ↗
20237 events
27.10.2023
GLOBALGlobal standardAsset recoveryFATF
FATF strengthens global asset-recovery and confiscation standards

FATF revised Recommendations 4, 30, 31 and 38 and related interpretive material to make asset recovery a stronger operational priority, expand tools to trace and confiscate criminal property and improve domestic and international cooperation.

CURRENT FATF RELATIONSHIPDirect FATF member · also APG

Current relationship. Direct FATF membership and any listed regional assessment network participation are current profile relationships only. The GLOBAL milestone does not prove membership or domestic implementation on the event date; those remain LOCAL/STATUS evidence.

FATF Global Network ↗
Global standard · 27.10.2023 · Country implementation/status is separateOpen update ↗
01.06.2023
LOCALNew ruleSecurities and Futures Commission (SFC)Crypto / VASP / CASP
Hong Kong virtual asset trading platform licensing regime begins

The SFC-administered statutory licensing regime brings centralised VATPs within AMLO preventive and supervisory requirements.

Effective 01.06.2023Open update ↗
25.05.2023
LOCALNew ruleHong Kong Monetary AuthorityCrypto / VASP / CASP
Circular on implementation of new licensing regime for virtual asset trading platforms

Hong Kong’s regulatory framework for licensed virtual asset trading platforms introduced AML/CFT requirements from 1 June 2023.

Effective 01.06.2023Open update ↗
25.05.2023
LOCALNew ruleHong Kong Monetary AuthorityCrypto / VASP / CASP
Amendments to Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Financing of Terrorism Guidelines

The deferred virtual-asset transfer information requirement under the SFC framework became effective from 1 January 2024.

Effective 01.01.2024Open update ↗
24.02.2023
GLOBALGlobal standardBeneficial ownershipFATF
FATF strengthens beneficial-ownership transparency for trusts and legal arrangements

At its February 2023 Plenary FATF revised Recommendation 25 and its Interpretive Note to strengthen transparency and beneficial-ownership requirements for trusts and similar legal arrangements, complementing the 2022 strengthening of Recommendation 24 for legal persons.

CURRENT FATF RELATIONSHIPDirect FATF member · also APG

Current relationship. Direct FATF membership and any listed regional assessment network participation are current profile relationships only. The GLOBAL milestone does not prove membership or domestic implementation on the event date; those remain LOCAL/STATUS evidence.

FATF Global Network ↗
Global standard · 24.02.2023 · Country implementation/status is separateOpen update ↗
20222 events
16.12.2022
LOCALAmendmentHong Kong Monetary AuthorityCrypto / VASP / CASPPrecious Metals / High-Value Goods
Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing (Amendment) Ordinance 2022

Hong Kong enacted amendments introducing the statutory licensing regime for virtual asset service providers and a two-tier registration regime for dealers in precious metals and stones.

Effective 01.06.2023Open update ↗
04.03.2022
GLOBALGlobal standardBeneficial ownershipFATF
FATF Recommendation 24 — beneficial ownership of legal persons

FATF strengthened Recommendation 24 on beneficial ownership transparency for legal persons.

CURRENT FATF RELATIONSHIPDirect FATF member · also APG

Current relationship. Direct FATF membership and any listed regional assessment network participation are current profile relationships only. The GLOBAL milestone does not prove membership or domestic implementation on the event date; those remain LOCAL/STATUS evidence.

FATF Global Network ↗
Global standard · 04.03.2022 · Country implementation/status is separateOpen update ↗
20202 events
23.10.2020
GLOBALGlobal standardPFFATF
FATF requires proliferation-financing risk assessment and mitigation

FATF amended Recommendations 1 and 2 and their Interpretive Notes so countries and covered private-sector entities must identify, assess and mitigate risks of breaches, non-implementation or evasion of proliferation-related targeted financial sanctions.

CURRENT FATF RELATIONSHIPDirect FATF member · also APG

Current relationship. Direct FATF membership and any listed regional assessment network participation are current profile relationships only. The GLOBAL milestone does not prove membership or domestic implementation on the event date; those remain LOCAL/STATUS evidence.

FATF Global Network ↗
Global standard · 23.10.2020 · Country implementation/status is separateOpen update ↗
02.07.2020
GLOBALSupervisory standardSupervisory cooperation
Basel Committee strengthens cooperation between prudential and AML/CFT supervisors

The Basel Committee revised its ML/TF risk-management guidelines to add principles for information exchange and cooperation between prudential and AML/CFT supervisors in authorisation, ongoing supervision and enforcement.

COUNTRY APPLICABILITYNon-binding global benchmark

A Basel supervisory publication does not become domestic law merely because it is GLOBAL. National adoption, supervisory use or incorporation must be evidenced by a LOCAL milestone or source.

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision ↗
Global supervisory benchmark · 02.07.2020 · Domestic adoption is separateOpen update ↗
20191 event
21.06.2019
GLOBALGlobal standardVirtual assets / Travel RuleFATF
FATF adopts the R.15 Interpretive Note and applies the Travel Rule framework to VASPs

FATF adopted detailed implementation requirements for virtual assets and VASPs in June 2019, including the application of wire-transfer information requirements commonly described as the Travel Rule. This operationalised the virtual-asset perimeter introduced through the 2018 Recommendation 15 revision.

CURRENT FATF RELATIONSHIPDirect FATF member · also APG

Current relationship. Direct FATF membership and any listed regional assessment network participation are current profile relationships only. The GLOBAL milestone does not prove membership or domestic implementation on the event date; those remain LOCAL/STATUS evidence.

FATF Global Network ↗
Global standard · 21.06.2019 · Country implementation/status is separateOpen update ↗
20183 events
19.10.2018
GLOBALGlobal standardVirtual assets / VASPsFATF
FATF Recommendation 15 is revised for virtual assets and VASPs

In October 2018 FATF revised Recommendation 15 and added the definitions of virtual asset and virtual asset service provider, formally bringing virtual-asset activity into the global AML/CFT standards architecture. Detailed implementation requirements followed in 2019.

CURRENT FATF RELATIONSHIPDirect FATF member · also APG

Current relationship. Direct FATF membership and any listed regional assessment network participation are current profile relationships only. The GLOBAL milestone does not prove membership or domestic implementation on the event date; those remain LOCAL/STATUS evidence.

FATF Global Network ↗
Global standard · 19.10.2018 · Country implementation/status is separateOpen update ↗
01.03.2018
LOCALNew ruleHong Kong Companies RegistryTCSP / CSP / Company Formation
Hong Kong expands AMLO and company transparency requirements

2018 reforms strengthened the statutory AML perimeter and significant-controller transparency for companies.

Effective 01.03.2018Open update ↗
02.02.2018
LOCALAmendmentHong Kong Monetary AuthorityBanking / Credit InstitutionsLegal Services
Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing (Financial Institutions) (Amendment) Ordinance 2018

Hong Kong amended AMLO to extend statutory customer-due-diligence and record-keeping requirements to designated non-financial businesses and professions and strengthen the AML/CFT framework.

Effective 01.03.2018Open update ↗
20141 event
15.01.2014
GLOBALSupervisory standardBank supervision
Basel Committee integrates ML/TF risk into banks’ overall risk-management framework

The Basel Committee issued Sound management of risks related to money laundering and financing of terrorism, superseding its 2001 CDD and 2004 consolidated KYC papers and integrating ML/TF risk management with prudential supervisory expectations.

COUNTRY APPLICABILITYNon-binding global benchmark

A Basel supervisory publication does not become domestic law merely because it is GLOBAL. National adoption, supervisory use or incorporation must be evidenced by a LOCAL milestone or source.

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision ↗
Global supervisory benchmark · 15.01.2014 · Domestic adoption is separateOpen update ↗
20123 events
13.07.2012
LOCALNew ruleHong Kong Monetary AuthorityBanking / Credit Institutions
Statutory AML/CFT Guideline under AMLO

HKMA’s statutory AML/CFT guideline under the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Ordinance superseded the earlier ML-1 guideline.

Effective 13.07.2012Open update ↗
01.04.2012
LOCALNew ruleHong Kong e-LegislationBanking / Credit InstitutionsPayments / EMI / Money Transfer
Hong Kong’s Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Ordinance enters into operation

Cap. 615 establishes statutory customer due diligence and recordkeeping requirements for covered financial institutions and later expanded sectors.

Effective 01.04.2012Open update ↗
16.02.2012
GLOBALGlobal standardAML/CFT/CPF standardsFATF
International Standards on Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism & Proliferation

FATF adopted a consolidated revised set of 40 Recommendations integrating AML, CFT and proliferation-financing safeguards.

CURRENT FATF RELATIONSHIPDirect FATF member · also APG

Current relationship. Direct FATF membership and any listed regional assessment network participation are current profile relationships only. The GLOBAL milestone does not prove membership or domestic implementation on the event date; those remain LOCAL/STATUS evidence.

FATF Global Network ↗
Global standard · 16.02.2012 · Country implementation/status is separateOpen update ↗
20062 events
23.12.2006
GLOBALUNSC · bindingPF / TFS
UN Security Council Resolution 1737 establishes Iran proliferation-related asset-freeze measures

Resolution 1737 imposed binding measures concerning Iran’s proliferation-sensitive nuclear activities, including an asset freeze on designated individuals and entities. Together with the DPRK regime, it forms a foundational UN counter-proliferation targeted-financial-sanctions architecture.

CURRENT CHARTER RELATIONSHIPTerritorial / non-UN profile applicability not inferred

No standalone Article 25 claim is made for this profile. The parent-State, constitutional and local implementation route must be verified separately.

UN Charter · Article 25 ↗
Binding UNSC architecture · 23.12.2006 · National implementation is separateOpen update ↗
14.10.2006
GLOBALUNSC · bindingPF / TFS
UN Security Council Resolution 1718 establishes DPRK proliferation-related asset-freeze measures

Following the DPRK nuclear test, Resolution 1718 imposed binding sanctions including an asset freeze on designated persons and entities connected to the nuclear programme. It became a central UN targeted-financial-sanctions pillar for counter-proliferation financing.

CURRENT CHARTER RELATIONSHIPTerritorial / non-UN profile applicability not inferred

No standalone Article 25 claim is made for this profile. The parent-State, constitutional and local implementation route must be verified separately.

UN Charter · Article 25 ↗
Binding UNSC architecture · 14.10.2006 · National implementation is separateOpen update ↗
20042 events
2004-10
GLOBALGlobal standardCFT / cash couriersFATF
FATF Ninth Special Recommendation

FATF added a ninth Special Recommendation addressing cash couriers and cross-border movement of currency.

CURRENT FATF RELATIONSHIPDirect FATF member · also APG

Current relationship. Direct FATF membership and any listed regional assessment network participation are current profile relationships only. The GLOBAL milestone does not prove membership or domestic implementation on the event date; those remain LOCAL/STATUS evidence.

FATF Global Network ↗
Global standard · 2004-10 · Country implementation/status is separateOpen update ↗
28.04.2004
GLOBALUNSC · bindingPF / WMD controls
UN Security Council Resolution 1540 creates binding global WMD-proliferation control duties

Resolution 1540 requires all States to adopt and enforce laws and domestic controls to prevent non-State actors from acquiring or using weapons of mass destruction and related materials. It forms a binding global legal pillar of the proliferation-financing control environment later reflected in FATF CPF standards.

CURRENT CHARTER RELATIONSHIPTerritorial / non-UN profile applicability not inferred

No standalone Article 25 claim is made for this profile. The parent-State, constitutional and local implementation route must be verified separately.

UN Charter · Article 25 ↗
Binding UNSC architecture · 28.04.2004 · National implementation is separateOpen update ↗
20032 events
31.10.2003
GLOBALTreatyML / asset recovery
UNCAC adds a universal anti-corruption, laundering and asset-recovery treaty layer

The UN General Assembly adopted the United Nations Convention against Corruption on 31 October 2003. UNCAC addresses prevention of money laundering, laundering of corruption proceeds, confiscation and a dedicated asset-recovery framework; the Convention entered into force globally on 14 December 2005.

CURRENT TREATY STATUSApplies via China

The UN depositary records territorial application/extension of 2003 UN Convention against Corruption to this profile. This is not independent State-Party status and carries no implication about sovereignty; domestic implementation remains a LOCAL evidence question.

UN Treaty Collection ↗
Treaty adopted 31.10.2003 · Global entry into force 14.12.2005 · Country treaty status is separateOpen update ↗
2003-06
GLOBALGlobal standardAML/CFT standardsFATF
The FATF Recommendations — 2003 revision

FATF comprehensively revised its AML/CFT Recommendations, strengthening preventive measures and extending coverage.

CURRENT FATF RELATIONSHIPDirect FATF member · also APG

Current relationship. Direct FATF membership and any listed regional assessment network participation are current profile relationships only. The GLOBAL milestone does not prove membership or domestic implementation on the event date; those remain LOCAL/STATUS evidence.

FATF Global Network ↗
Global standard · 2003-06 · Country implementation/status is separateOpen update ↗
20013 events
04.10.2001
GLOBALSupervisory standardCDD / KYC
Basel Committee establishes a global customer-due-diligence benchmark for banks

The Basel Committee issued Customer due diligence for banks, setting minimum supervisory expectations for customer acceptance, identification, ongoing monitoring and risk management. It became an influential global banking KYC/CDD benchmark and was later reflected in FATF standards.

COUNTRY APPLICABILITYNon-binding global benchmark

A Basel supervisory publication does not become domestic law merely because it is GLOBAL. National adoption, supervisory use or incorporation must be evidenced by a LOCAL milestone or source.

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision ↗
Global supervisory benchmark · 04.10.2001 · Domestic adoption is separateOpen update ↗
2001-10
GLOBALGlobal standardCFTFATF
FATF Special Recommendations on Terrorist Financing

FATF expanded its standards to terrorist financing through eight Special Recommendations.

CURRENT FATF RELATIONSHIPDirect FATF member · also APG

Current relationship. Direct FATF membership and any listed regional assessment network participation are current profile relationships only. The GLOBAL milestone does not prove membership or domestic implementation on the event date; those remain LOCAL/STATUS evidence.

FATF Global Network ↗
Global standard · 2001-10 · Country implementation/status is separateOpen update ↗
28.09.2001
GLOBALUNSC · bindingCFT / TFS
UN Security Council Resolution 1373 imposes binding CFT and freezing duties on all States

Resolution 1373 requires all States to prevent and suppress terrorist financing, criminalise the provision or collection of funds for terrorist acts, freeze terrorist assets without delay and prohibit making funds or financial services available to terrorists and related entities.

CURRENT CHARTER RELATIONSHIPTerritorial / non-UN profile applicability not inferred

No standalone Article 25 claim is made for this profile. The parent-State, constitutional and local implementation route must be verified separately.

UN Charter · Article 25 ↗
Binding UNSC architecture · 28.09.2001 · National implementation is separateOpen update ↗
20001 event
15.11.2000
GLOBALTreatyML / organised crime
Palermo Convention broadens the international money-laundering framework beyond drug trafficking

The Palermo Convention was adopted on 15 November 2000 and broadened the international money-laundering framework beyond drug proceeds through criminalisation and preventive measures tied to transnational organised crime. It entered into force globally on 29 September 2003.

CURRENT TREATY STATUSApplies via China · from 2006-09-27

The UN depositary records territorial application/extension of 2000 Palermo Convention to this profile. This is not independent State-Party status and carries no implication about sovereignty; domestic implementation remains a LOCAL evidence question.

UN Treaty Collection ↗
Treaty adopted 15.11.2000 · Global entry into force 29.09.2003 · Country treaty status is separateOpen update ↗
19992 events
09.12.1999
GLOBALTreatyCFT
UN Terrorist Financing Convention establishes a treaty-level CFT framework

The UN General Assembly adopted the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism on 9 December 1999, creating the treaty framework for criminalising terrorist financing and international cooperation. It entered into force globally on 10 April 2002.

CURRENT TREATY STATUSApplies via China

The UN depositary records territorial application/extension of 1999 Terrorist Financing Convention to this profile. This is not independent State-Party status and carries no implication about sovereignty; domestic implementation remains a LOCAL evidence question.

UN Treaty Collection ↗
Treaty adopted 09.12.1999 · Global entry into force 10.04.2002 · Country treaty status is separateOpen update ↗
15.10.1999
GLOBALUNSC · bindingTFS
UN Security Council Resolution 1267 establishes a targeted asset-freeze regime

Resolution 1267 imposed an assets freeze and other targeted sanctions in the Taliban context and created the Security Council committee that became the foundation of the UN 1267 sanctions architecture. It is a key global precursor to modern terrorist-financing targeted financial sanctions.

CURRENT CHARTER RELATIONSHIPTerritorial / non-UN profile applicability not inferred

No standalone Article 25 claim is made for this profile. The parent-State, constitutional and local implementation route must be verified separately.

UN Charter · Article 25 ↗
Binding UNSC architecture · 15.10.1999 · National implementation is separateOpen update ↗
19972 events
27.02.1997
LOCALStatus changeBanking / Credit Institutions
Hong Kong becomes a founding APG member

Hong Kong is one of the 13 founding members of the Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering established in Bangkok on 27 February 1997.

Relationship state from 27.02.1997Open update ↗
1997
LOCALStatus changeBanking / Credit Institutions
Hong Kong FIU admitted to the Egmont Group

FinCEN-sourced historical membership data records Hong Kong's FIU among Egmont admissions in 1997. The current Egmont roster carries a different raw admission value (1996-12-31), which is preserved separately rather than used to overwrite the historical relationship start.

Relationship state from 1997Open update ↗
19961 event
1996
GLOBALGlobal standardAML standardsFATF
The FATF Recommendations — 1996 revision

FATF revised the Forty Recommendations to reflect evolving money-laundering methods and countermeasures.

CURRENT FATF RELATIONSHIPDirect FATF member · also APG

Current relationship. Direct FATF membership and any listed regional assessment network participation are current profile relationships only. The GLOBAL milestone does not prove membership or domestic implementation on the event date; those remain LOCAL/STATUS evidence.

FATF Global Network ↗
Global standard · 1996 · Country implementation/status is separateOpen update ↗
19951 event
09.06.1995
GLOBALFIU cooperationFIU cooperation
Egmont Group creates the global FIU cooperation network

Representatives of 13 financial intelligence units met in Brussels on 9 June 1995 and founded what became the Egmont Group. The milestone created the operational global network for FIU-to-FIU cooperation and exchange of financial intelligence.

CURRENT EGMONT RELATIONSHIPMember FIU · JFIU

Current profile relationship to the Egmont network. This does not imply membership in 1995; admission history is a separate LOCAL/STATUS fact.

Egmont Group · Member FIUs ↗
Global FIU cooperation infrastructure · 09.06.1995 · FIU membership is separateOpen update ↗
19911 event
19901 event
1990
GLOBALGlobal standardAML standardsFATF
The Forty Recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering

FATF issued its original Forty Recommendations, establishing the first global AML standard framework.

CURRENT FATF RELATIONSHIPDirect FATF member · also APG

Current relationship. Direct FATF membership and any listed regional assessment network participation are current profile relationships only. The GLOBAL milestone does not prove membership or domestic implementation on the event date; those remain LOCAL/STATUS evidence.

FATF Global Network ↗
Global standard · 1990 · Country implementation/status is separateOpen update ↗
19893 events
1989
GLOBALGlobal institutionGlobal standard-settingFATF
Financial Action Task Force is established by the G7

The G7 established FATF in 1989 to examine and develop measures to combat money laundering. FATF became the central global standard-setting body whose recommendations are implemented through national and regional AML/CFT frameworks.

CURRENT FATF RELATIONSHIPDirect FATF member · also APG

Current relationship. Direct FATF membership and any listed regional assessment network participation are current profile relationships only. The GLOBAL milestone does not prove membership or domestic implementation on the event date; those remain LOCAL/STATUS evidence.

FATF Global Network ↗
Global institutional milestone · 1989 · Country membership is separateOpen update ↗
1989
LOCALNew rule
Drug Trafficking (Recovery of Proceeds) Ordinance creates Hong Kong’s first laundering/reporting framework

JFIU’s official history records that enactment of the Drug Trafficking (Recovery of Proceeds) Ordinance in 1989 introduced suspicious-transaction reporting for drug-trafficking proceeds and provided the legal basis for the new intelligence unit. This predates the 2012 AMLO by more than two decades.

Effective 1989Open update ↗
19882 events
20.12.1988
GLOBALTreatyML criminalisation
Vienna Convention creates the first treaty-level international money-laundering criminalisation baseline

The Vienna Convention was adopted on 20 December 1988 and created the first treaty-level international obligation to criminalise laundering conduct linked to drug-trafficking proceeds, alongside confiscation and international-cooperation measures. It entered into force globally on 11 November 1990.

CURRENT TREATY STATUSApplies via China

The UN depositary records territorial application/extension of 1988 Vienna Convention to this profile. This is not independent State-Party status and carries no implication about sovereignty; domestic implementation remains a LOCAL evidence question.

UN Treaty Collection ↗
Treaty adopted 20.12.1988 · Global entry into force 11.11.1990 · Country treaty status is separateOpen update ↗
1988-12
GLOBALSupervisory standardBank AML / KYC
Basel Committee issues principles to prevent criminal use of banks for money laundering

The Basel Committee published a Statement of Principles for banks aimed at reducing the risk that banking institutions would be used by criminals or as channels for money laundering. This helped establish the preventive and supervisory side of AML alongside the emerging criminal-law framework.

COUNTRY APPLICABILITYNon-binding global benchmark

A Basel supervisory publication does not become domestic law merely because it is GLOBAL. National adoption, supervisory use or incorporation must be evidenced by a LOCAL milestone or source.

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision ↗
Global supervisory benchmark · 1988-12 · Domestic adoption is separateOpen update ↗

Sources & Verification20

Virtual Asset Trading Platform licensing handbookSecurities and Futures Commission (SFC) · GUIDANCEStablecoin Issuer Regulatory RegimeHong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) · LAW / REGULATIONStablecoins Ordinance (Cap. 656)Hong Kong e-Legislation · LAW / REGULATIONHKMA disciplinary actions for AMLO contraventions — July 2025Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) · OFFICIAL SOURCEHong Kong, China Follow-Up Report 2023Financial Action Task Force (FATF) · ASSESSMENT / PROFILEDealers in Precious Metals and Stones registration regime under AMLOHong Kong Customs and Excise Department · GUIDANCESFC circular on AMLO Amendment Ordinance 2022Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) · GUIDANCEHong Kong, China Mutual Evaluation Report 2019Financial Action Task Force (FATF) · ASSESSMENT / PROFILEJFIU Annual Report — history and establishment under the 1989 Drug Trafficking (Recovery of Proceeds) OrdinanceJoint Financial Intelligence Unit (JFIU) · REPORT / PUBLICATIONAbout the JFIU — unit set up in 1989Joint Financial Intelligence Unit (JFIU) · INSTITUTIONAL / REFERENCEHKMA updates risk-based AML/CFT guidance and Smart Tips version 2.0 for politically exposed personsHong Kong Monetary Authority · GUIDANCEFATF RecommendationsFinancial Action Task Force (FATF) · OFFICIAL SOURCEFATF Countries & Global NetworkFinancial Action Task Force (FATF) · OFFICIAL SOURCEAsia/Pacific Group on Money LaunderingFinancial Action Task Force (FATF) · OFFICIAL SOURCEEgmont Group Member FIU InformationEgmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units · INSTITUTIONAL / REFERENCEFATF consolidated assessment ratingsTechnical Compliance & Effectiveness · 2013 MethodologyJFIU · How to submit an STRJoint Financial Intelligence Unit (JFIU) · INSTITUTIONAL / REFERENCEJFIU · FAQsJoint Financial Intelligence Unit (JFIU) · GUIDANCEHKMA AML/CFT ordinances & guidelinesHong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) · GUIDANCEAnti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Ordinance (Cap. 615)Hong Kong e-Legislation · LAW / REGULATION